The world is looking for alternatives to conventional energy extracted from fossil fuels. The use of photovoltaic solar energy is on the rise. It directly converts solar energy into electricity using semiconductor materials such as silicon, contained in the cells of photovoltaic modules, which we commonly call solar panels. Erik Johnson, research director at the CNRS, deputy director of the Laboratory of Physics of Interfaces and Thin Films (LPICM*), and a specialist in photovoltaics, sheds light on the current situation in the sector.